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History of Plumbing


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The word plumbing is originally  from the Latin word plumbum, which means the lead (the metal- element named as Pb) therefore plumbers are the workers on element lead and plumbing is defined as the lead work, in fact lead work is known as the more specialized work  area in the field of modern plumbing work. Plumbing is the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures for drinking water systems and the drainage of waste.


A plumber is one who installs or repairs piping systems, plumbing fixtures and equipment such as water heaters. The plumbing industry is a basic and substantial part of every developed economy due to the need for clean water, and proper collection and transport of wastes. Plumbing also refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of water and the removal of water wastes. Plumbing is usually distinguished from water and sewage systems.


Plumbing was usually unknown until the growth of modern cities in the 19th century. At on the same time public health authorities were trying to install better system for waste disposal. Earlier, the waste disposal system merely consisted of collecting waste and dumping it on ground or into a river. Plumbing pipes with broad flanges were used for preventing leakages appeared in the urban settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization by 2700 B.C.
Plumbing originated during the ancient civilizations such as the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, and Chinese civilizations. They developed public baths and needed to provide potable water and drainage of wastes. The Romans used lead pipe inscriptions to prevent water theft. Improvement in plumbing systems was very slow and no progress was made from the time of Roman system and lead pipes until the 19th century. Most large cities today pipe solid wastes to treatment plants in order to separate and partly purify the water before emptying into streams or other bodies of water

Water systems of ancient times relied on gravity for the supply of water. Water was supplied using pipes or channels which are usually made of clay, lead, bamboo or stone. Present-day water-supply systems use a network of high-pressure pumps. Usually pipes are now made of copper, brass, plastic or other nontoxic material. Lead is not used in modern water-supply piping due to its toxicity.

A pipe is typically formed via casting or welding, where a tube is made through extrusion. Pipe normally has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded. The 'straight' sections of plumbing systems are of pipe or tube. The tubing is thinner-walled and requires special joining techniques such as brazing, compression fitting and crimping. In addition to the straight pipe or tubing, many fittings are required in

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